I believe that learning should be a balance between fun and hard work- I’ve found this has the best outcome with students.

For example in piano lessons I’d follow the structure of-
Ask how there weeks been and relate it back to music
Quick scale
Finger warm up
Ask if they’ve what they’ve been up to in practice- let them play
Work on target pieces, and identify areas of practice for the following week

Breaking it up with doing physical and useful tasks without music- demonstrates how music is a great transferable skill to be used almost anywhere.

I’d write notes in a note book to aid with memorising any finer details.

I think it’s important for students to always ask why as it’s within a teachers nature to provide a reason, and same goes with students forming their own musical opinions! Which is exciting to watch!