which element has a first ionasation energy lower than that of sulfur
Nujen
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a) chlorine b)oxygen c) phosphorus d) selenium
and why
i askes chat gbt for an explanation and it gave a complete diffrent answer than the mark scheme
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The answer is: c) phosphorus
Here's the explanation:
Generally, first ionization energy increases across a period (left to right) due to increasing nuclear charge and attraction to electrons.
However, there's an exception for elements with stable electron configurations.
Phosphorus (P) has a stable half-filled p-subshell (3p^3) in its valence shell. This configuration makes it slightly more difficult to remove an electron compared to sulfur (S) which has a fully filled 3p subshell (3p^4).
In a full subshell, electrons experience repulsion from each other, making the outermost electron slightly easier to remove. This repulsion weakens the attraction between the nucleus and the outermost electron in sulfur, resulting in a lower first ionization energy compared to phosphorus.
Therefore, phosphorus has a lower first ionization energy than sulfur.
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